An article about the history of state-sanctioned racism in California cites a UMass Amherst Poll from April 2021 that found a majority of respondents disapproved of providing financial reparations to the descendants of slaves. “Four hundred years since Africans were forcibly brought to the shores of America, 245 years since the 3/5^th Compromise and 156 years since freed African Americans were promised 40 acres and a mule, a majority of Americans express an unwillingness to pay the descendants of slaves for the nation’s original sin,” says Tatishe Nteta, Associate Professor of Political Science and Director of the UMass Poll.(San Francisco Chronicle, 12/30/21; News Office release)